« Previous
Next »
European Journal of Cancer
Volume 41, Issue 13
, Pages 1969-1979
, September 2005
Mechanisms and preclinical efficacy of silibinin in preventing skin cancer
References
- . SENCAR mouse skin tumourigenesis model. In: Teicher BA editors. Tumour models in cancer research. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 2001;p. 359–380
- Alterations in signal transduction pathways implicated in tumour progression during multistage mouse skin carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 2003;24:1159–1165
- . Strategies for skin cancer prevention. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:243–251
- . Increased summertime UV radiation in New Zealand in response to ozone loss. Science. 1999;285:1709–1711
- . Prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer by targeting ultraviolet-B-light signalling. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4:23–35
- . The epidemiology of skin cancer. Dermatol Surg. 1996;22:217–226
- . Photocarcinogenesis by ultraviolet A and B. In: Mukhtar H editors. Skin cancer: mechanisms and human relevance. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1995;p. 21–30
- . In: Weber R, Miller M, Goepfert H editor. Basal and squamous cell skin cancers of the head and neck. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1996;p. 25–26
- . Apoptosis, the role of oxidative stress and the example of solar UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol. 1999;70:380–390
- Sunburn and p53 in the onset of skin cancer. Nature. 1994;372:773–776
- . A review of skin ageing and its medical therapy. Br J Dermatol. 1996;135:867–875
- Thymidine dinucleotides inhibit contact hypersensitivity and activate the gene for tumour necrosis factor alpha1. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;114:253–258
- . Molecular mechanisms of UV-induced apoptosis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2000;16:195–201
- . Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004;195:298–308
- . The genetics of melanoma: lessons from mouse and man. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3:559–570
- . Effect of sunscreens on UV radiation-induced enhancement of melanoma growth in mice. J Nat Cancer Inst. 1994;86:99–105
- . Cutaneous photodamage, oxidative stress, and topical antioxidant protection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:1–19
- . The causes and prevention of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:5258–5265
- . Cancer prevention: epidemiology and experiment. Cancer Lett. 1997;114:7–9
- . Chemoprevention: an essential approach in controlling cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:537–543
- . Novel approaches to chemoprevention of skin cancer. J Dermatol. 2000;27:691–695
- . Signal transduction pathways: targets for chemoprevention of skin cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2000;1:181–188
- Inhibitory effect of glycolic acid on ultraviolet-induced skin tumourigenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice and its mechanism of action. Mol Carcinog. 2001;31:152–160
- Inhibitory effects of orally administered green tea, black tea, and caffeine on skin carcinogenesis in mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light (high-risk mice): relationship to decreased tissue fat. Cancer Res. 2001;61:5002–5009
- . Tailoring cancer chemoprevention regimens to the individual. J Cell Biochem. 2004;91:277–286
- Effects of tea, decaffeinated tea, and caffeine on UVB light-induced complete carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice: demonstration of caffeine as a biologically important constituent of tea. Cancer Res. 1997;57:2623–2629
- Protective effects of silymarin against photocarcinogenesis in a mouse skin model. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:56–66
- Topical applications of caffeine or (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibit carcinogenesis and selectively increase apoptosis in UVB-induced skin tumours in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:12455–12460
- Silibinin protects against photocarcinogenesis via modulation of cell cycle regulators, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Akt signalling. Cancer Res. 2004;64:6349–6356
- . A Flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, affords significant inhibition against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-caused modulation of antioxidant and inflammatory enzymes, and cyclooxygenase 2 and interlukin-1α expression in SENCAR mouse epidermis: Implications in the prevention of stage I tumour. Mol Carcinog. 1999;26:321–333
- A flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, affords exceptionally high protection against tumour promotion in the SENCAR mouse skin tumourigenesis model. Cancer Res. 1999;59:622–632
- Silymarin inhibits growth and causes regression of established skin tumours in SENCAR mice via modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and induction of apoptosis. Carcinogenesis. 2002;23:499–510
- . Flavonoid antioxidant silymarin and skin cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002;4:655–663
- . Herbs sales down 3% in mass market retail stores: sales in natural food stores still growing, but at lower rate. HerbalGram. 2000;49:68
- . Chemistry and analysis of silymarin from Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn. Arzneimittelforsch. 1974;24:466–471
- . Silymarin: a review of its clinical properties in the management of hepatic disorders. BioDrugs. 2001;15:465–489
- . Anti-phalloidine and anti-alpha-amanitine action of silybin in comparison with compounds similar to structural parts of silybin. Experientia. 1978;34:1051–1052
- Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. A double-blind comparative study in 116 patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1989;13:120–124
- Effects of silymarin in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis of the liver: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized and multicenter trial. J Hepatol. 1998;28:615–621
- . Studies on the pharmacodynamics, including site and mode of action, of silymarin: the antihepatotoxic principle from Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn. Arzneimittelforsch. 1975;25:82–89
- Dietary feeding of silibinin inhibits advance human prostate carcinoma growth in athymic nude mice and increases plasma insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 levels. Cancer Res. 2002;62:3063–3069
- Silibinin upregulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. Oncogene. 2003;22:8271–8282
- Inhibition of human carcinoma cell growth and DNA synthesis by silibinin, an active constituent of milk thistle: comparison with silymarin. Cancer Lett. 1999;147:77–84
- . Prostate cancer prevention by silibinin. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2004;4:1–11
- Silibinin down-regulates survivin protein and mRNA expression and causes caspases activation and apoptosis in human bladder transitional-cell papillomas RT4 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;312:1178–1184
- Silibinin induces growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death in human lung carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 2003;23:2649–2655
- Silymarin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidant flavonoid, inhibits azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Int J Cancer. 2002;101:461–468
- Oral silibinin inhibits lung tumour growth in athymic nude mice and forms a novel chemocombination with doxorubicin targeting nuclear factor kappaB-mediated inducible chemoresistance. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:8641–8647
- . Novel cancer chemopreventive effects of a flavonoid antioxidant silymarin: inhibition of mRNA expression of an endogenous tumour promoter TNFα. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997;239:334–339
- Inhibitory effect of a flavonoid antioxidant silymarin on benzoyl peroxide-induced tumour promotion, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in SENCAR mouse skin. Carcinogenesis. 2000;21:811–816
- . UV damage and repair mechanisms in mammalian cells. Bioessays. 1996;18:221–228
- Time course for early adaptive responses to ultraviolet B light in the epidermis of SKH-1 mice. Cancer Res. 1999;59:4591–4602
- Silibinin prevents ultraviolet radiation-caused skin damages in SKH-1 hairless mice via a decrease in thymine dimer positive cells and an up-regulation of p53–p21/Cip1 in epidermis. Carcinogenesis. 2004;25:1459–1465
- Dietary feeding of silibinin prevents early biomarkers of ultraviolet B radiation-induced carcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mouse epidermis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2005;14:1344–1349
- . Skin cancer chemoprevention. J Invest Dermatol Sym Proc. 1996;1:209–214
- . Arachidonic acid metabolism and tumour promotion. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishing; 1985;pp. 1–263
- . Multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Pharmacol Ther. 1992;54:63–128
- . p53-dependent DNA repair and apoptosis respond differently to high- and low-dose ultraviolet radiation. Br J Dermatol. 1998;139:3–10
- Temporal events in skin injury and the early adaptive responses in ultraviolet-irradiated mouse skin. Am J Pathol. 2000;156:201–207
- An assessment of the malignant potential of actinic keratoses and Bowen’s disease: p53 and PCNA expression pattern correlate with the number of desmosomes. J Dermatol. 2002;29:562–572
- Premature keratinocyte death and expression of marker proteins of apoptosis in human skin after UVB exposure. Arch Dermatol Res. 2003;295:71–79
- . Molecular controls of growth arrest and apoptosis: p53-dependent and independent pathways. Oncogene. 1995;11:199–210
- . Surfing the p53 network. Nature. 2000;408:307–310
- . Post-translational modification of p53 in tumourigenesis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4:793–805
- . Sensitivity and selectivity of the DNA damage sensor responsible for activating p53-dependent G1 arrest. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:4827–4832
- Mutations in apoptosis genes: a pathogenetic factor for human disease. Mutat Res. 2001;488:211–231
- Mdm2 association with p53 targets its ubiquitination. Oncogene. 1998;17:2543–2547
- TP53 mutation spectra and load: a tool for generating hypotheses on the etiology of cancer. IARC Sci Publ. 2004;157:247–270
- Silibinin up-regulates DNA-PK-dependent p53 activation to enhance UVB-induced apoptosis in mouse epithelial JB6 cells. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:20375–20383
- Dual-efficacy of silibinin in protecting or enhancing ultraviolet B radiation-caused apoptosis in human immortalized keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Carcinogenesis. 2004;25:99–106
- p53 levels, functional domains, and DNA damage determine the extent of the apoptotic response of tumour cells. Genes Dev. 1996;10:2438–2451
- . The MAPK signalling cascade. FASEB J. 1995;9:726–735
- . Activation of p38 MAP kinase and ERK are required for ultraviolet-B induced c-fos gene expression in human keratinocytes. Oncogene. 1999;18:7469–7476
- . Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in UV-induced signal transduction. Sci STKE. 2003;2003:1–15
- . The role of MAPK pathways in the action of chemotherapeutic drugs. Carcinogenesis. 2002;23:1831–1838
- Mallikarjuna G, Dhanalakshmi S, Mohan S, et al. Silibinin inhibits ultraviolet B radiation-induced mitogenic and survival signalling, and associated biological responses in SKH-1 mouse skin. Carcinogenesis, 2005 April 14 [Epub ahead of print].
- Assembly of cyclin D-dependent kinase and titration of p27Kip1 regulated by mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase (MEK1). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:1091–1096
- Ultraviolet light induces expression of p53 and p21 in human skin: effect of sunscreen and constitutive p21 expression in skin appendages. J Invest Dermatol. 1995;105:402–406
- . Pathways of apoptotic and non-apoptotic death in tumour cells. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4:592–603
- . Ultraviolet B-radiation dose influences the induction of apoptosis, and p53 in human keratinocytes. Radiat Res. 1997;147:148–155
- . AKT plays a central role in tumourigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:10983–10985
- Cross-talk between Akt, p53 and Mdm2: possible implications for the regulation of apoptosis. Oncogene. 2002;21:1299–1303
- p53 inhibits alpha 6 beta 4 integrin survival signalling by promoting the caspase 3-dependent cleavage of AKT/PKB. J Cell Biol. 1999;147:1063–1072
- . The molecular basis and potential role of survivin in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Trends Mol Med. 2001;7:542–547
- . Survivin, versatile modulation of cell division and apoptosis in cancer. Oncogene. 2003;22:8581–8589
- Survivin expression in mouse skin prevents papilloma regression and promotes chemical-induced tumour progression. Cancer Res. 2003;63:567–572
- . Principles of CDK regulation. Nature. 1995;374:131–134
- . CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression. Genes Dev. 1999;13:1501–1512
- Mediation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-dependent DNA replication through a conserved p21(Cip1)-like PCNA-binding motif present in the third subunit of human DNA polymerase delta. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:49258–49266
- . Role of p21WAF1 in the cellular response to UV. Cell Cycle. 2004;3:134–137
- p27Kip1, a cyclin–Cdk inhibitor, links transforming growth factor-beta and contact inhibition to cell cycle arrest. Genes Dev. 1994;8:9–22
- . How nucleotide excision repair protects against cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2001;1:22–33
- . p53-mediated protective responses to UV irradiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:12255–12257
- . DNA replication fidelity. Annu Rev Biochem. 2000;69:497–529
PII: S0959-8049(05)00474-0
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.03.033
© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
European Journal of Cancer
Volume 41, Issue 13
, Pages 1969-1979
, September 2005
