European Journal of Cancer
Volume 39, Issue 7 , Pages 891-898 , May 2003

Effects of low dose tamoxifen on normal breast tissue from premenopausal women

  • G.R. de Lima

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • G. Facina

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • J.Y. Shida

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • M.B.C. Chein

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • P. Tanaka

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • R.C. Dardes

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
    • Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Biological Chemistry, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, USA
    • ,
  • V.C. Jordan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Biological Chemistry, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, USA
    • ,
  • L.H. Gebrim

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Rua Caçapava, # 49, Conjunto 12, Bairro Jardim Paulista, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. Tel.: +55-11-30612693; fax: +55-11-3088-8200

Received 19 March 2002 ,Revised 14 August 2002 ,Accepted 17 September 2002.

References 

  1. Osborne MP. Breast cancer prevention by antiestrogens. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;889:146–151
  2. EBCTCG. Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 1998;351:1451–1467
  3. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.  Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90:1371–1388
  4. Decensi A, Bonanni B, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, et al.  Biologic activity of tamoxifen at low doses in healthy women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90:1461–1467
  5. Decensi A, Gandini S, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, et al.  Effect of blood tamoxifen concentrations on surrogate biomarkers in a trial of dose reduction in healthy women. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:2633–2638
  6. Decensi A, Robertson C, Ballardini B, et al.  Effect of tamoxifen on lipoprotein(a) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in healthy women. Eur J Cancer. 1999;35:596–600
  7. Kamoen A, Dermaut L, Verbeeck R. The clinical significance of error measurement in the interpretation of treatment results. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23:569–578
  8. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Redmond CK, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Cronin WM. Endometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-14. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86:527–537
  9. Rutqvist LE, Johansson H, Signomklao T, Johansson U, Fornander T, Wilking N. Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for early stage breast cancer and second primary malignancies. Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:645–651
  10. Bergman L, Beelen ML, Gallee MP, Hollema H, Benraadt J, van Leeuwen FE. Risk and prognosis of endometrial cancer after tamoxifen for breast cancer. Comprehensive Cancer Centres’ ALERT Group. Assessment of Liver and Endometrial cancer Risk following Tamoxifen. Lancet. 2000;356:881–887
  11. Pritchard KI, Paterson AH, Fine S, et al.  Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil chemotherapy added to tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with node-positive estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer: a report of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Breast Cancer Site Group. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:2302–2311
  12. Milla-Santos A, Milla L, Rallo L, Solano V. Phase III randomized trial of toremifene vs tamoxifen in hormonodependant advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2001;65:119–124
  13. Swedish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. Randomized trial of two versus five years of adjuvant tamoxifen for postmenopausal early stage breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88:1543–1549
  14. Breuer B, Wallenstein S, Anderson R. Effect of tamoxifen on bone fractures in older nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:968–972
  15. Bonanni B, Johansson H, Gandini S, et al.  Effect of low dose tamoxifen on the insulin-like growth factor system in healthy women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2001;69:21–27
  16. Soderqvist G, von Schoultz B, Tani E, Skoog L. Estrogen and progesterone receptor content in breast epithelial cells from healthy women during the menstrual cycle. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:874–879
  17. Ferguson DJ, Anderson TJ. Morphological evaluation of cell turnover in relation to the menstrual cycle in the “resting” human breast. Br J Cancer. 1981;44:177–181
  18. Nazario AC, De Lima GR, Simoes MJ, Novo NF. Cell kinetics of the human mammary lobule during the proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy). 1995;79:23–27
  19. Battersby S, Robertson BJ, Anderson TJ, King RJ, McPherson K. Influence of menstrual cycle, parity and oral contraceptive use on steroid hormone receptors in normal breast. Br J Cancer. 1992;65:601–607
  20. Khan SA, Rogers MA, Khurana KK, Siddiqui JF. Oestrogen receptor expression in normal breast epithelium. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36(Suppl. 4):S27–28
  21. Dardes RC, Horiguchi J, Jordan VC. A pilot study of the effects of short-term tamoxifen therapy on Ki-67 labelling index in women with primary breast cancer. Int J Oncol. 2000;16:25–30
  22. Brotherick I, Browell DA, Shenton BK, et al.  The effect of 3-week tamoxifen treatment on oestrogen receptor levels in primary breast tumours: a flow cytometric study. Br J Cancer. 1998;77:1657–1660
  23. Makris A, Powles TJ, Allred DC, et al.  Changes in hormone receptors and proliferation markers in tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients and the relationship with response. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1998;48:11–20
  24. Karck U, Kommoss F. Does tamoxifen change oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression in the endometrium and breast?. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36(Suppl. 4):S45–46
  25. Clarke RB, Laidlaw IJ, Jones LJ, Howell A, Anderson E. Effect of tamoxifen on Ki67 labelling index in human breast tumours and its relationship to oestrogen and progesterone receptor status. Br J Cancer. 1993;67:606–611
  26. Perry RR, Kang Y, Greaves B. Effects of tamoxifen on growth and apoptosis of estrogen-dependent and- independent human breast cancer cells. Ann Surg Oncol. 1995;2:238–245
  27. Perry RR, Kang Y, Greaves BR. Relationship between tamoxifen-induced transforming growth factor beta 1 expression, cytostasis and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 1995;72:1441–1446
  28. Allan DJ, Howell A, Roberts SA, et al.  Reduction in apoptosis relative to mitosis in histologically normal epithelium accompanies fibrocystic change and carcinoma of the premenopausal human breast. J Pathol. 1992;167:25–32
  29. Ferlini C, Scambia G, Marone M, et al.  Tamoxifen induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in oestrogen receptor- negative human cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer. 1999;79:257–263
  30. Cameron DA, Ritchie AA, Langdon S, Anderson TJ, Miller WR. Tamoxifen induced apoptosis in ZR-75 breast cancer xenografts antedates tumour regression. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997;45:99–107
  31. Bernardes JR, Nonogaki S, Seixas MT, Rodrigues de Lima G, Baracat EC, Gebrim LH. Effect of a half dose of tamoxifen on proliferative activity in normal breast tissue. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999;67:33–38
  32. Uehara J, Nazario AC, Rodrigues de Lima G, Simoes MJ, Juliano Y, Gebrim LH. Effects of tamoxifen on the breast in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1998;62:77–82
  33. Facina G, de Lima GR, Simoes MJ, Novo NF, Gebrim LH. Estrogenic activity of tamoxifen on normal mammary parenchyma in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1997;56:19–24
  34. Walker KJ, Price-Thomas JM, Candlish W, Nicholson RI. Influence of the antiestrogen tamoxifen on normal breast tissue. Br J Cancer. 1991;64:764–768

PII: S0959-8049(02)00530-0

doi: 10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00530-0

European Journal of Cancer
Volume 39, Issue 7 , Pages 891-898 , May 2003

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution