Inoperable colorectal liver metastases: A declining entity?

Abstract 

Background

Untreated colorectal liver metastases (CLMs) have a dismal prognosis. Surgery remains the gold standard of treatment, but many patients will have inoperable disease at presentation. Until recently, the outlook for such patients was bleak. The purpose of this review was to report on available options in the treatment CLMs, which would be considered unresectable by conventional evaluation.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were articles published in English-language journals reporting on either retrospective or prospective cohorts of patients undergoing treatment for conventionally inoperable CLM. Main outcome measures were survival, resectability rates, morbidity and mortality following treatment of the patients’ disease.

Results

Improved chemotherapy regimes and other innovative treatments have opened up new options for such patients and may even render conventionally inoperable disease resectable. The aim of treatment should be down-staging of metastases to achieve resectability, however, other treatments such as ablation may be also be used (either alone or in conjunction with resection).

Conclusion

A nihilistic attitude to the patient with seemingly inoperable liver metastases should be discouraged. Discussion of such patients at multi-disciplinary meetings is essential in order to plan and monitor treatments.

Keywords: Colorectal hepatic metastases, Ex vivo resection, Chemotherapy, Hepatic artery infusion, Radiotherapy, Ablation